Archivo de la etiqueta: innovación

La problemática de las patentes indispensables en estándares técnicos y la eficacia de los compromisos de licencia en términos FRAND

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Por Fernando Carbajo Cascón. Publicado en la Revista Electronica de Direito. Centro de Investigación Juridica Económica. Universidad de Porto, Portugal.OCTUBRE 2016.

 

Patentes esenciales en estándares (SEP); Derecho de la Competencia; Propiedad Intelectual; Licencias justas; razonables y no discriminatorias (FRAND); Emboscada de patentes; Bloqueo de patentes.

RESUMEN: Los estándares tecnológicos pueden aportar sustanciales ventajas para el desarrollo industrial y económico, al tiempo que importantes riesgos para la competencia. Especialmente cuando algunos titulares de patentes indispensables aprovechan para desplegar estrategias orientadas a exigir elevados royalties, bajo la amenaza de no conceder licencia y ejercer acciones por infracción de su derecho de patente. Las políticas FRAND desarrolladas por las organizaciones de estandarización no son eficaces por sí solas para superar esta situación, siendo necesario recurrir al derecho de la competencia para prevenir y reprimir comportamientos incorrectos de las empresas que participan en el estándar poniendo en riesgo la competencia en el mercado. No obstante, la solución final del problema va a depender de una adecuada definición del procedimiento para negociar y del contenido preciso de licencias en condiciones justas, razonables y no equitativas (FRAND).

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Derecho de la moda ¿rama del derecho?

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«El árbol de las leyes ha de podarse continuamente”. Anatole France.

 

 Por Mario Dubois. Miembro del Fashion Law Institute Argentina.

 

Siguiendo al Maestro LLambías, el derecho puede ser definido como el conjunto de normas aplicadas coercitivamente por la autoridad pública[1].

Para poder realizar el estudio y aplicación de las mismas es necesario agruparlas científicamente, en razón de su cantidad y variedad.

La más amplia agrupación surge de la clasificación que viene del derecho romano que los divide en derecho público y derecho privado dependiendo del interés que protegía la norma, si era el del Estado o el de los particulares.

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Comparando Modelos: Derecho de la Moda en Juris Diversitas

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Por Susy Inés Bello Knoll. Publicado en la web chilena LWYR el 30 de julio de 2016.

 

Del 31 de mayo al 1 de junio de 2016 se realizó la Conferencia Anual de Juris Diversitas. Juris Diversitas se fundó en el año 2007 como una comunidad internacional e interdisciplinaria para el estudio de la diversidad de normas y movimientos legales alrededor del mundo. Originalmente estaba sólo compuesta de especialistas en derecho comparado pero poco a poco se fue abriendo al trabajo multidisciplinario con lingüistas, sociólogos, geógrafos, antropólogos, historiadores, economistas y filósofos, dentro y más allá de la ley, de modo de explorar la interacción de ella con todas las ramas de las ciencias humanas y sociales.

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The Protection of the Viktor &Rolf Fashion-Art Trademark

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By Lígia Carvalho Abreu, Pamela Echeverria and Susy Bello Knoll. Published in WWW.FASHIONMEETSRIGHTS.COM with potos by Viktor & Rolf and Rijksmuseum. April, 2016.

 

We know that each age establishes a definition of art and also a definition of fashion. But each time, both art and fashion have something to say about people´s culture, history and their feelings. Fashion builds parameters of visibility and any kind of art, thus constructing a visual world. Instead of the painter’s personal way of thinking, creation shows others a particular vision that generally expresses the situation of society. Because of that, this art helps us to understand the history as Plato once explained in chapter ten of the Republic.

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Las empresas del sector de la moda, la tecnología y el derecho

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Por Susy Inés Bello Knoll[1] y Pamela Echeverría[2]. Artículo preparado para PUCP, Perú, noviembre de 2015.

 

Resumen

El presente trabajo analiza la relación de los conceptos de moda, tecnología y derecho bajo la perspectiva de la propiedad intelectual. En particular, desde la incipiente especialidad del derecho de la moda, apunta distintas cuestiones que merecen atención jurídica en una de las industrias con más impacto en la economía de la mayoría de los países del globo.

Palabras clave:

Moda – Tecnología – Derecho de la Moda – Innovación- Propiedad Intelectual

Abstract

This work analizes the relation between the concept of fashion, technology and law through an intellectual property view. Specially, with the fashion law perspectives, it indicates the issues that we need to pay attention to,  in one of the industries with more economic impact all over the world.

Keywords:

Fashion – Technology – Fashion Law – Innovation- Intellectual Property

Sumario: 1. Las empresas del sector de la Moda. 2. La tecnología en la Moda. 3. Relaciones entre las empresas de la Moda, la Tecnología y el Derecho. 4. La Propiedad Intelectual como herramienta jurídica al servicio de la Tecnología en las empresas de la Moda. 4.1. Las impresoras 3-D. 4.2.  Wearable technology. 4.3. Las marcas. 4.4. Los secretos industriales. 4.5.  Diseños industriales. 4.6. Derecho de autor. 5. Reflexiones finales.

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Lanvin (1867-1946): inspiración maternal

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Por Susy Inés Bello Knoll. Publicado en la página chilena LWYR en diciembre de 2015.

 

En el Palacio Galliera, Museo de la Moda de la Villa de París, las exposiciones son temporarias y excepcionales por la fragilidad de las piezas que se exhiben.

En el año 2015, de marzo a agosto, la muestra “Jeanne Lanvin” mostró la contribución relevante al mundo de la Moda de esta mujer francesa, fundadora de la Maison más antigua, que sigue vigente hasta el día hoy.

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Fashion Law: Comparing Top Models. On Fashion: Introductory Remarks

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By Susy Inés Bello Knoll at Juris Diversitas Conference 2016.

With JURIS DIVERSITAS I am crossing boundaries: I am a lawyer and accountant from Buenos Aires University, Argentine; PHD in Law from Salamanca, Spain.  Europe and Latin America. Art and Law. We have decided to share and point out the work we’ve been doing in the field of fashion law.

When talking about a creative industry, such as fashion, as we are going to show today, the most important area within fashion law is Intellectual Property.

We can start by asking a question: What is fashion law?

First: what is fashion for you? A group of designers in Buenos Aires told me these words. Expression, culture, cycle, social event. I consider that these words can define fashion. EXPRESSION: because people express many things through clothes, for example. And also it is part of culture, of the values that a society considers relevant. It expresses the times that we live in, even our individuality.

Fashion is “a form of imitation and so of social equalization, but paradoxically, iit is changing continually, it differentiates one time from another and one social stratum from another”. This is a definition from  sociology.  And Georg Simmel, its author, is a sociologyst.

But for one French woman, who is one of the ten most important persons of the last century, Coco Chanel, “fashion is not only…. something is present in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening”.

It operates both as a cultural phenomenon and as a highly complex business.

Let’s know more about the characteristics of the fashion business only in garments. Even if we consider there is fashion in music, education, books, architecture and more.

When it comes to garments, you know that fashion has different seasons and maybe you know about the fashion weeks. The most important of them stars in New York in September, and after that, the same event will take place again in London, Paris and the last one will be in Milano by October. Special weeks organized by brands like Mercedes Benz Fashion Week or by cities such as Buenos Aires Fashion Week.

Apparel manufacturers produce between four to six seasonal lines per year. This happens without taking into account the the speed of fashion phenomenon, where countless lines are produced throughout a year.

Generally, companies work on three seasonal lines at the same time: they check the sales of one, supervise the production of the second, and finally they design and cost the third one.

The fashion industry is among the most aspirational, industrious and dynamic of all industries.

It is very fragmentary. We have got designers, brands, retails, outsourcing manufacture, journalists, models and more people with their own specializations. Its supply chain is long and convoluted, and often involves travelling between factories and countries, contractors and subcontractors, investors and employees.

I want to take some minutes to analyze, as the marketing professor Bracey Wilson does in Chile, the Armani Galaxy of brands to show you the complexity of the industry. First, we find ARMANI PRIVÉ. This is haute couture and exclusive. It has only one shop in Milano and two Hotels: one in Milano and other one in Dubai. Second, we find GIORGIO ARMANI or ARMANI COLLECTION and its aspirational concept. Third, we find EMPORIO ARMANI for young people. Four: A/X ARMANI EXCHANGE for football players. And ARMANI JEANS for big stores, ARMANI juniors and Armani Home. And we can find the same Galaxy of brands in Ralph Lauren Group of companies.

Luxury fashion lasts four months, Fashion Basic only six, and Basic Basic Fashion where you find T-shirts and underwear, which lasts the whole year.

And also, you have different sizes and different colors. A typical jeans manufacturer will sell as many as 10,000 to 20,000 jeans for example. And a big manufacturer:  one million.

So the economic impact is very important. Let’s see the numbers: one trillion US dollars all around the world, all along the year. 20% of this is luxury market and 0,60% is eco luxury.

That is fashion…., but what is law? Law is rules.

When we refer to fashion, most of the rules are Intellectual Property ones, as the ones we find in trademark law, trade dress, patents, copyright. But there are other rules, for example, how to set up companies, commercial agreements, human rights (we think of this when we see a extremely thin model), contemporary slaves (when we see children working at a factory), pollution (when we look at the water disposition). The economic, political and cultural issues associated with the production are complex and the consumption of fashion impacts upon all sectors of law.

Many sciences take fashion as an object of study but Law centers have not studied it well enough. We do not expect to seek new legislation. We want to study the rules with a different glass: a fashion glass. We want to study the rules from all around the world because they are different. We started these studies in Argentina three years ago but it had already started in US back in 2007 with Susan Scafidi at Fordahm University.

As a consequence of our commitment with this study, we set up a non profit organization: Fashion law Institute Argentina. Here is our work: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KT6CVtKTYE4

Bibliography:

  • “A survey of fashion law”, Fashion law, edited by Guillermo C. Jimenez & Barbara Kolsun, Fairchild Books, Second Edition, New York, 2014.
  • “Derecho y Moda”, edited by Susy Inés Bello Knoll & Pamela Echeverría, Marcial Pons, Buenos Aires, 2014.

PDF: Fashion Law Comparing Top Models JD

SusyBelloKnollJD

Susy Bello Knoll at Juris Diversitas. Louisiana State University, Tuesday, May 31.

Al Derecho le preocupa la Moda

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Por Susy Bello Knoll y Pamela Echeverría. Publicado por la Asociación Civil Foro Académico,  Revista de Derecho Foro Jurídico en su Portal de Actualidad Jurídica Parthenon.pe de la Facultad de Derecho de la PUCP, Lima, Perú el 7 de octubre de 2015.

 

La moda nos interesa a todos en mayor o menor medida y también llama la atención de los profesionales. Los abogados no están fuera de esa atracción. No nos referimos a los distintos modelos de trajes, corbatas, perfumes, relojes, portafolios, anteojos, escritorios, bibliotecas o autos que mueven a los juristas en su vida cotidiana a querer tener lo que la sociedad considera que en un momento determinado es de buen gusto. En verdad queremos poner atención en la moda como una de las industrias creativas más importantes del mundo que tiene normas legales que la rigen a nivel nacional e internacional.

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Fashion Law in Juris Diversitas Conference 2016 at Louisiana State University

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Martes 31 de mayo de 2016 en Louisiana State University EN LAS iv SESIONES PARALELAS:

 

Parallel Sessions IV-14:30-16:00

VI.A       Fashion Law: Comparing Top Models

  • On Fashion: Introductory Remarks

Susy Inés Bello Knoll, Austral University (Argentina)

  • Intellectual Property in Argentina, Latin America and USA

Pamela Echeverria, Fashion Law Institute (Argentina)

  • Intellectual Property in France and the European Union

Alice Pezard, Conseiller honoraire à la Cour de cassation (France)

And all Program:

Monday, May 30

8:30—9:15           Registration & Coffee

9:15—9:30           PLENARY—OPENING & WELCOMING ADDRESS

9:30—10:30        PLENARY—KEYNOTE

  • The Problematic of Invisibility for Law in a Transnationalized World

Vivian Grosswald Curran, University of Pittsburgh (United States)

10:30—11:00      Break

11:00—12:30      PARALLEL SESSIONS I

I.A          Remixing Legal Traditions

  • Canada’s Legal Traditions:

Sources of Unification, Diversification or Inspiration?

Rosalie Jukier, , McGill University (Canada)

  • Unity and Diversity in Legal History of the Commonwealth Caribbean

Asya Ostroukh, Cave Hill Campus of the University of the West Indies (Barbados)

  • Rebuilding the Somali Legal System: Towards a New Mixed Jurisdictions?

Salvatore Mancuso, University of Cape Town (South Africa)

I.B           Issues in Professional Liability: A Transnational Conversation

  • Unity and Diversity in European Product Liability Law

Ádám Fuglinszky, Eötvös Loránd University (Hungary)

  • Towards a New Paradigm of Medical Liability: A Cultural Perspective

Elena Grasso, University of Genoa (Italy)

  • Professional Liability in Civil Law and in Common Law

Domitilla Vanni Di San Vincenzo, University of Palermo (Italy)

12:30—14:00      Lunch

14:00—15:30      PARALLEL SESSIONS II

II.A         The Struggle for Legal Identity

  • An Essay on Ideology and Legal Education in Tiny Jurisdictions:

The Example of Jersey

David Marrani, Institute of Law (Jersey)

  • Albanian Civil Code —

An Example of Unity and Diversity in the Civil Law Family

Juliana Latifi, University of Tirana (Albania)

  • Commerce, Commonality, and Contract Law: Legal Reform in a Mixed Jurisdiction

Christopher K. Odinet, Southern University (United States)

II.B         L’absence de modèle unique : l’uniformisation en question

  • Construction d’une démocratie multi-cultuelle au Bénin: Accommodements entre religion chrétienne et culte traditionnel vodou

Eric Ngango Youmbi, Université de Maroua (Cameroun)

  • Harmoniser la diversité en droit des successions : oui mais avec précaution

Francesco Paolo Traisci, Università degli studi del Molise (Italy)

  • Un droit au salaire minimum : l’impossible unité ?

Alexis Bugada, Aix-Marseille Université (France)

15:30—16:00      Break

16:00—17:30      PARALLEL SESSIONS III

III.A        Diverse in Unity?

  • Anglophone and Civilian Convergence: The Question of Public Cultivation and Learning

Joseph P. Garske, (United States)

  • Global Legal Scholarship at Local Level

Bianca Gardella Tedeschi, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro (Italy)

  • Good Faith, United in Diversity?

Olivier Beddeleem, EDHEC Business School (France)

III.B        Societal and Legal Tensions in Africa

  • Mapping Traditional Authority Structures in a Post-Apartheid South Africa: Exploring the Status and Role of Traditional Authorities in a Decentralised Governance Structure

Christa Rautenbach, North-West University (South Africa)

  • Developments in Child Custody under Customary Law in Nigeria and South Africa

Kagiso A. Maphalle, University of Cape Town (South Africa)

  • Judicial Protection of Women’s Matrimonial Property Rights in Nigeria

Anthony C. Diala, University of Cape Town (South Africa)

19:30                     Conference Dinner

Tuesday, May 31

9:15—10:30        PARALLEL SESSIONS IV

IV.A        Competition Worldwide: Legal Strategies and Challenges

  • International Fragmentation of Competition Law: The Actual and Expected Contribution of BRICS Countries

Alexandr Svetlicinii, University of Macau (Macau)

  • Legal Diversity or Unity as a Product of Economic Strategies of Lawmakers under Regulatory Competition

Hugues Bouthinon-Dumas & Frédéric Marty, ESSEC Business School (Paris-Singapore)

& GREDEG – CNRS / University of Nice Sophia Antipolis (France)

IV.B        Singular Voices in a Pluralistic Universe

  • Legal Transfers and National Traditions:

Patterns of Modernization of the Public Administration in Polish Lands at the Turn of 18th and 19th Century

Michał Gałędek, University of Gdańsk (Poland)

  • Remedies for Trial Delay in Malta and Italy: a Laboratory for European Integration?

David Edward Zammit & Caroline Savvidis, University of Malta (Malta)

10:30—11:00      Break

11:00—12:30      PARALLEL SESSIONS V

V.A         La mondialisation et ses tensions

  • La fiducie québécoise : tensions et (r)évolution

Caroline Le Breton-Prévost, Université McGill (Canada)

  • Mondialisation et droit de la concurrence : vers une bipolarisation autant qu’une harmonisation des règles de droit ?

Anne M. Tercinet, EM Lyon Business School (France)

  • Comment la doctrine économique américaine a participé à l’harmonisation des règles de droit antitrust en Europe ?

Jean-Christophe Roda, Université de Toulon (France)

V.B         United in Diversity

  • Enantiosis and Comparative Law: The Case of Essentially Oxymoronic Concepts

Rostam J. Neuwirth, University of Macau (Macau)

  • Toxic Legal Thought Patterns: Cognitive Rhetoric Explains the Need for a Comparative Approach to Rhetoric in Law

Lucy Jewel, University of Tennessee (United States)

  • Dworkin on Legal Unity and Diversity

Christopher D. Boom, Tulane University (United States)

12:30—14:30      Lunch

14:30—16:00      PARALLEL SESSIONS VI

VI.A       Fashion Law: Comparing Top Models

  • On Fashion: Introductory Remarks

Susy Inés Bello Knoll, Austral University (Argentina)

  • Intellectual Property in Argentina, Latin America and USA

Pamela Echeverria, Fashion Law Institute (Argentina)

  • Intellectual Property in France and the European Union

Alice Pezard, Conseiller honoraire à la Cour de cassation (France)

VI.B        Of Land, Blood and Race

  • Race and Nation. On Ius Sanguinis and the Origins of a Racist National Perspective

Carlos Amunátegui Perelló, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (Chile)

  • Land Reform and the Restructuring of Post-Apartheid Namibia with Specific Reference to Informal Settlements

Sam Kwesi Amoo, University of Namibia (Namibia)

  • “United in One Body:” Can ‘Black Lives Matter’ be Rousseau’s ‘Best Friends’

Fernin F. Eaton, Baton Rouge (United States)

VI.C        Competition Worldwide: Legal Strategies and Challenges

  • International Fragmentation of Competition Law: The Actual and Expected Contribution of BRICS Countries

Alexandr Svetlicinii, University of Macau (Macau)

  • Legal Diversity or Unity as a Product of Economic Strategies of Lawmakers under Regulatory Competition

Hugues Bouthinon-Dumas & Frédéric Marty, ESSEC Business School (Paris-Singapore) & GREDEG – CNRS / University of Nice Sophia Antipolis (France)

16:00—16:30      Break

16:30—17:30      Juris Diversitas General Meeting

17:30—18:00      Break

18:00—19:30      Tucker Lecture

  • The Proposed Organization of American States Model Law on Simplified Corporations:

Perspectives and Challenges

Francisco Reyes, Chairman of UNCITRAL,

Superintendent of Companies (Colombia)

19:30                     Reception

Wednesday, June 1

9:30—11:00        PARALLEL SESSIONS VII

VII.A      Beyond Universalism: Giving a Voice to the Unheard

  • The Emergence of Alternative Antidiscrimination Frameworks between Universality and Diversity

Raphaële Xenidis, European University Institute of Florence (Italy)

  • Beyond the Boundaries of Consensus: Comparative Law, Social Theory, and Dissent

Denis de Castro Halis, University of Macau (Macau)

  • Periodic Review of Human Rights: Does One Size Fit All in the Pacific?

Sue Farran, University of Northumbria (United Kingdom)

VII.B      Revisiting Human Rights: What Room for Consensus and Dissent

  • Participation of Lay Citizens in the Criminal Trial in a Comparative Perspective: The Criminal Jury in France and Belgium

Claire M. Germain, University of Florida (United States)

  • The Ambiguous Role of Comparative Law in the European Court of Human Rights’ Case Law: Unity and Diversity in Succession Law

Filippo Viglione & Giovanni Cinà, University of Padua (Italy)

  • Human Rights in National versus International Criminal Justice: The Gravity of Crimes as a Legitimate Source of Legal Pluralism?

Christophe Deprez, University of Liège (Belgium)

11:10—11:30      Break

11:30—12:30      Plenary—Closing Panel

  • Empires as Engines of Mixed Legal Systems

Vernon V. Palmer, Tulane University (United States)

Descargar Programa completo: Program

¿Porqué fracasan las estrategias digitales de las empresas?

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Por LUCIANO CORBELLA. Publicado en la Revista de la Cámara de Comercio de Honduras del mes de Enero de 2016. WEB DE LUCIANO CORBELLA.

 

Sumario: 1. Claves para no sucumbir y crecer en Internet. 2. Falta de optimización para listar en Google. 3. Falta de optimización para listar en Google. 4. Falta de objetivos claros. 5. Escasa generación de contenidos. 6. Abuso del envío de Email Marketing. 7. Estrategia de Enlaces Patrocinados onerosa. 8. Excesiva venta en Twitter.

1. Claves para no sucumbir y crecer en Internet

Que Internet se ha constituido en el principal canal que permite a las empresas posicionar la marca, incrementar su visibilidad y vender no es ninguna novedad. En la actualidad casi todas las empresas poseen una página Web y presencia en una o mas de las redes sociales, pero muchas veces a falta de una estrategia digital y una clara comprensión de las excelentes herramientas disponibles terminan comprendiendo escasamente todo el potencial comercial.

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